Human Papillomavirus (HPV) ni virusi ikunze kwandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina. Hari ubwoko bwinshi bwa HPV, ariko bumwe muri bwo bushobora gufata mu muhogo (cyane cyane mu gice cy’inyuma cy’ururimi no ku matonsili) maze nyuma y’igihe kirekire bugatera kanseri y’umuhogo.
Uko HPV yandura
HPV yo mu muhogo yandura cyane cyane binyuze mu:
- Gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina yo mu kanwa (oral sex) n’umuntu wanduye.
- Gukorana imibonano mpuzabitsina n’abantu benshi bituma ibyago byo kwandura byiyongera.
- Guhura cyane n’uruhu cyangwa ibice by’umubiri byanduye HPV.
- Rimwe na rimwe umuntu ashobora kwandura ntamenye ko uwo bakoranye imibonano ayifite, kuko akenshi nta bimenyetso ihita itera.
Igihe ibimenyetso bigaragarira
HPV ishobora kumara imyaka myinshi mu mubiri nta kimenyetso igaragaza. Mu bantu benshi, ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri buyikuramo mu myaka 1–2.
Ariko iyo ubwoko bwa HPV bushobora gutera kanseri (nk’ubwoko bwa HPV-16) bugumye mu mubiri igihe kirekire, impinduka zishobora gukomeza buhoro buhoro kugeza habaye kanseri. Ibi bishobora gufata:
- Imyaka myinshi, akenshi hagati y’imyaka 10 na 30 cyangwa irenga mbere y’uko kanseri igaragara.
Ibimenyetso bishobora kugaragara
Mu ntangiriro, umuntu ashobora kutagira ibimenyetso. Iyo indwara itangiye gutera ibibazo mu muhogo, ashobora kugira:
- Kubabara mu muhogo bimara igihe kirekire.
- Kumva hari ikintu gifashe mu muhogo.
- Kubabara cyangwa kugorwa no kumira.
- Ijwi rihinduka cyangwa rikaba ryaramaze igihe ridasanzwe.
- Kubyimba mu ijosi bitewe n’uko uturemangingo twanduye twimukiye mu dukondo (lymph nodes).
- Kubabara ugutwi ku ruhande rumwe.
- Gukorora cyangwa kugira amaraso mu macandwe (mu bihe bikomeye).
- Kugabanyuka ibiro nta mpamvu igaragara.
Ububi bwa HPV yo mu muhogo
Iyo HPV ikomeje kuguma mu mubiri:
- Ishobora gutera kanseri y’umuhogo, cyane cyane mu matonsili cyangwa inyuma y’ururimi.
- Kanseri ishobora gukwira mu bindi bice by’umubiri iyo itavuwe hakiri kare.
- Ishobora gutuma umuntu agorwa no kurya, kuvuga cyangwa guhumeka mu bihe bikomeye.
- Kuvurwa kwayo bishobora gusaba kubagwa, radiotherapy cyangwa chimiotherapy, bikagira ingaruka ku mibereho y’umuntu.
Uko umuntu yayirinda
Hari uburyo bwinshi bwo kugabanya ibyago byo kwandura HPV:
- Gukingirwa HPV
- Ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo kwirinda ubwoko bwa HPV bushobora gutera kanseri.
- Inkingo zitangwa cyane cyane ku bana n’ingimbi mbere yo gutangira gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina, ariko no ku bantu bamwe bakuru zishobora gutangwa hakurikijwe inama za muganga.
- Kwirinda imibonano mpuzabitsina idakingiye
- Gukoresha agakingirizo cyangwa ubundi buryo bwo kwirinda bishobora kugabanya ibyago, nubwo bitabuza HPV ku kigero cya 100%.
- Kugabanya umubare w’abo mukorana imibonano
- Kugira uwo mwizerana umwe bidafite ubusambanyi bigabanya amahirwe yo kwandura.
- Kwirinda itabi n’inzoga nyinshi
- Itabi n’inzoga byongera cyane ibyago byo kugira kanseri y’umuhogo ku bantu bafite HPV.
- Kwivuza hakiri kare
- Umuntu ufite uburibwe bw’umuhogo bumaze igihe, kubyimba mu ijosi cyangwa ibindi bimenyetso bidasanzwe akwiye kwisuzumisha kwa muganga.
Umwanzuro
HPV ni virusi ikunze kwandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina, harimo n’ikorwa mu kanwa. Akenshi ntitera ibimenyetso ako kanya kandi ishobora kumara imyaka myinshi mu mubiri. Mu bantu bake, cyane cyane abafite ubwoko bwa HPV bushobora gutera kanseri, ishobora kuvamo kanseri y’umuhogo nyuma y’imyaka myinshi. Gukingirwa HPV, gukora imibonano irinzwe no kwirinda itabi ni bimwe mu by’ingenzi bifasha kuyirinda.
